The Man Who Refused to Salute Hitler.
Adopted
by the Nazi Party in the 1930s, Hitler's infamous "sieg heil" (meaning
"hail victory") salute was mandatory for all German citizens as a
demonstration of loyalty to the Führer, his party, and his nation.
August Landmesser, the
lone German refusing to raise a stiff right arm amid Hitler's presence at a
1936 rally, had been a loyal Nazi.
Landmesser
joined the Nazi Party in 1931 and began to work his way up the ranks of what
would become the only
legal political affiliation in the country.
Unknown
Irma Eckler.
Two
years later, Landmesser fell madly in love with Irma
Eckler, a Jewish woman, and proposed marriage to her in 1935.
After
his engagement to a Jewish woman was discovered, Landmesser was expelled from
the Nazi Party.
Landmesser
and Eckler decided to file a marriage application in Hamburg, but the union was
denied under the newly enacted Nuremberg Laws.
The
couple welcomed their first daughter, Ingrid, in October 1935.
And
then on June 13, 1936, Landmesser gave a crossed-arm stance during Hitler's
christening of a new German navy vessel.
The
act of defiance stands out amid the throng of Nazi salutes.
Wikipedia
In
1937, fed up, Landmesser attempted to flee Nazi Germany to Denmark with his
family. But he was detained at the border and charged with "dishonoring
the race," or "racial infamy," under the Nuremberg Laws.
WikipediaAugust Landmesser in 1935.
A year
later, Landmesser was acquitted for a lack of evidence and was instructed to
not have a relationship with Eckler.
Refusing
to abandon his wife, Landmesser ignored Nazi wishes and was arrested again in
1938 and sentenced to nearly three years in a concentration camp.
He
would never see the woman he loved or his child again.
The
secret state police also arrested Eckler, who was several months pregnant with
the couple's second daughter.
She
gave birth to Irene in prison and was sent to an all-women's concentration camp
soon after her delivery.
Eckler
is believed to have been transferred to what the Nazi's called a "euthanasia
center" in 1942, where she was murdered with 14,000 others.
After
his prison sentence, Landmesser worked a few jobs before he was drafted
into war in 1944.
A few
months later, he was declared missing in action in Croatia.
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